In vitro propagation of Azadiracta indica L. callus for secondary metabolites productions
Different stages of callus induction from the embryo of A. indica
The Project Focus On The Development Of A Callus Protocol From Azadiracta Indica Embryo. Neem Tree Is Valuable Plant For The Production Of Metabolites. These Metabolites Are Well Known Source For The Production Of Insecticides, Fertilizer And Medicine. Neem Metabolites Are Used For Formulation Of Drugs In Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, And Modern Medicine For The Treatment Of Many Infectious, Metabolic, Or Cancer Diseases. The Main Objective Of The Project Is To Develop In Vitro Propagation Of A. Indica Callus Protocol From Embryo For Secondary Metabolites Production. We Have To Develop In Vitro Protocol For Callus Proliferation And Plantlet Development Using Embryo With MS Media. The In-vitro Culture Of A. Indica Embryo Was Cultured With Different Sucrose Concentration (30, 40, 45 And 50 G/L) For Initial Culture And For Sub-culture (30 And 40 Gram/L), Medium Supplemented With Hormone (NAA- 0.50 Mg/ml And 2-4 D -0.25mg/ml) Was Provided In All The Media. Hormone Concentration Kept Constant With Increasing The Sucrose Concentration In Culture. In The Culture With Explants, We Observed The Callus Formation To Root, Stem And Leaves While In Subculture We Observed Callus And Roots. In Initial Culture With Explant The Sucrose Concentration (50 And 45 G/l) Produce Callus And In (40 And 50 G/L) Produce Plantlet. Further We Performed Phytochemical Analysis Of The Callus And Plantlet Extract For The Detection Of Secondary Metabolites. Different Types Of Secondary Metabolites Were Observed Like Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Steroids And Terpenoids In The Culture. The In Vitro Initiation Of Culture Protocol Developed In This Experiment Could Profitably Be Explored For The Commercial Production Of Industrially Important Drug Compounds/secondary Metabolites For Future Perspective And Betterment Of Human Being.
Table 1: The Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract from in vitro grown callus and plantlet of Azadirachta indica L.
SR. No Phytochemicals Test DIFFERENT SUCROSE CONCENTRATION Sample -1 30g/L Sucrose Sample-2 40g/L Sucrose Sample-3 45g/L Sucrose Sample-4 50g/L Sucrose 1 Alkaloids Mayer’s Reagent Test + ++ + ++ 2 Flavonoids Alkaline Reagent Test + ++ + +++ 3 Phenolic Compounds Ferric Chloride Test ++ +++ ++ +++ 4 Steroids Salkowaski’s Test ++ +++ + +++ 5 Terpenoids Salkowaski’s Test + +++ + +++
TLC Analysis: (A) Alkaloids (B) Steroids (C) Terpenoidands were observed in UV light ( wavelength at 365